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The surname Niemoller (or Niemöller) is of German origin. It is relatively uncommon and is most notably associated with Martin Niemöller, a prominent Lutheran pastor and theologian who was an outspoken critic of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime.
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The name Niemoller is derived from the Middle Low German words “nie” (new) and “möller” (miller), indicating an occupation related to milling. The surname has historical roots in the Prussian Province of Westphalia, now part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Martin Niemöller, born in 1892, is perhaps the most famous bearer of this surname. He initially supported Hitler but later became a vocal opponent, leading to his imprisonment in concentration camps from 1937 to 1945. Niemöller is best known for his post-war words about the dangers of political apathy, often paraphrased as "First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out…".
Further research can be done at Ancestry.com